{"id":891,"date":"2022-12-02T01:19:59","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T01:19:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ruouviet.com.vn\/?p=891"},"modified":"2026-04-26T16:16:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T09:16:59","slug":"cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-qua-trinh-len-men-ruou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ruouviet.com.vn\/e_n\/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-qua-trinh-len-men-ruou\/","title":{"rendered":"What is alcoholic fermentation? Factors affecting the alcoholic fermentation process"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00ean men la\u0300 c\u00f4ng \u0111oa\u0323n r\u00e2\u0301t quan tro\u0323ng trong sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u, xe\u0301t theo theo ti\u0301nh tu\u00e2\u0300n t\u01b0\u0323 va\u0300 toa\u0300n cu\u0323c thi\u0300 no\u0301 quan tro\u0323ng h\u01a1n ch\u01b0ng c\u00e2\u0301t. C\u00f4ng b\u0103\u0300ng ma\u0300 no\u0301i, l\u00ean men l\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u00ea\u0301t c\u00f4\u0301t lo\u0303i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng, hi\u00ea\u0323u su\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chu\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0300 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt, enzyme l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, nh\u01b0 1 nha\u0300 ma\u0301y ta\u0323o ho\u0301a bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0309i t\u01b0\u0300 ch\u00e2\u0301t na\u0300y sang ch\u00e2\u0301t kha\u0301c. Ba\u0300i vi\u00ea\u0301t na\u0300y, Viet Wine<\/span><\/strong><\/a> se\u0303 cung c\u00e2\u0301p cho ca\u0301c ba\u0323n t\u00f4\u0309ng quan v\u00ea\u0300 l\u00ean men & l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u, qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh & ca\u0301c pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 a\u0309nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u, cu\u00f4\u0301i cu\u0300ng la\u0300 ca\u0301c “chi\u00eau” \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng co\u0301 ti\u0301nh khoa ho\u0323c trong l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u m\u00f4\u0323t ca\u0301ch toa\u0300n di\u00ea\u0323n va\u0300 tu\u00e2\u0300n t\u01b0\u0323 chu\u0301ng ta b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u t\u01b0\u0300 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cl\u00ean men\u201d tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u0111a\u0303 nhe\u0301.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ean men la\u0300 gi\u0300? <\/strong><\/h3>\n

L\u00ean men l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi sinh v\u1eadt trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u0301ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0: r\u01b0\u1ee3u, s\u1eefa chua, b\u00e1nh m\u00ec, d\u01b0a c\u00e0 mu\u00f4\u0301i …<\/p>\n

History of fermentation<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tra\u0301i \u0111\u00e2\u0301t ma\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta \u0111a\u0303 tra\u0309i qua nhi\u00ea\u0300u ky\u0309 b\u0103ng ha\u0300, ky\u0309 b\u0103ng ha\u0300 s\u01a1\u0301m nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c cho la\u0300 ca\u0301ch \u0111\u00e2y khoa\u0309ng h\u01a1n 2 ty\u0309 n\u0103m, ky\u0309 b\u0103ng ha\u0300 cu\u00f4\u0301i cu\u0300ng k\u00ea\u0301t thu\u0301c ca\u0301ch \u0111\u00e2y khoa\u0309ng 11,5 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n 20 nga\u0300n n\u0103m. \u01a0\u0309 ky\u0309 b\u0103ng ha\u0300 cu\u00f4\u0301i, nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 \u201cbi\u0300nh qu\u00e2n” cu\u0309a tra\u0301i \u0111\u00e2\u0301t chi\u0309 khoa\u0309ng 7-8 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c (cao h\u01a1n ng\u0103n ma\u0301t tu\u0309 la\u0323nh 4 \u0111\u00f4\u0323) n\u00ean vi sinh v\u00e2\u0323t r\u00e2\u0301t kho\u0301 sinh s\u00f4i na\u0309y n\u01a1\u0309 Sau khi ky\u0309 b\u0103ng ha\u0300 cu\u00f4\u0301i, nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u00e2\u0301m d\u00e2\u0300n l\u00ean, ta\u0323o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng thu\u00e2\u0323n l\u01a1\u0323i cho ca\u0301c loa\u0300i th\u01b0\u0323c v\u00e2\u0323t & vi sinh pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n. Cu\u0300ng khoa\u0309ng th\u01a1\u0300i gian na\u0300y (ca\u0301ch \u0111\u00e2y 10 nga\u0300n n\u0103m) loa\u0300i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u chuy\u00ea\u0309n \u0111\u00f4\u0309i t\u00e2\u0323p ti\u0301nh s\u0103n b\u1eaft – h\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3m sang tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i va\u0300 tich lu\u0303y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u0323c. Nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 \u00e2\u0301m l\u00ean, ti\u0301ch lu\u0303y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u0323c la\u0300 2 ti\u00ea\u0300n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 c\u00f4\u0301t lo\u0303i cho s\u01b0\u0323 pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n cu\u0309a n\u00e2\u0301m men, co\u0301 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i co\u0300n vi\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, nhi\u00ea\u0323t la\u0300 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng, 2 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u0323c na\u0300y \u0111a\u0303 giu\u0301p c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m men ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c nh\u01b0 nga\u0300y nay. (H\u00ecnh 1)<\/span><\/p>\n

\"qu\u00e1
Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m men<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i \u01b0\u0301ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00ean men t\u01b0\u0300 khi na\u0300o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Loa\u0300i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i bi\u00ea\u0301t \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng l\u00ean men t\u01b0\u0300 khi na\u0300o v\u00e2\u0303n ch\u01b0a co\u0301 c\u00e2u tra\u0309 l\u01a1\u0300i chi\u0301nh xa\u0301c. Va\u0300o kho\u1ea3ng 9500 n\u0103m TCN t\u1ea1i Fertile Crescent (v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh l\u01b0\u1ee1i li\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m T\u00e2y \u00c1, thung l\u0169ng s\u00f4ng Nile v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Nile \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi), c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 canh t\u00e1c t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e2y \u0111ay, r\u00f4\u0300i t\u01b0\u0300 \u0111o\u0301 ca\u0301c nha\u0300 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u00ea\u0301t va\u0300 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng l\u00ean men va\u0300o cu\u00f4\u0323c s\u00f4\u0301ng sau \u0111o\u0301 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u. B\u0103\u0300ng ch\u01b0\u0301ng co\u0301 gia\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t thu\u00f4\u0323c v\u00ea\u0300 ti\u00ea\u0301n sy\u0303 Patrick McGovern (\u0111a\u0323i ho\u0323c Pennsylvania, M\u1ef9). \u00d4ng \u0111a\u0303 t\u00ecm ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4\u0300 u\u00f4\u0301ng l\u00ean men hay co\u0300n go\u0323i la\u0300 r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u tr\u00ean m\u00f4\u0323t bi\u0300nh g\u00f4\u0301m c\u00f4\u0309 ni\u00ean \u0111a\u0323i 7000 n\u0103m TCN (t\u01b0\u0301c la\u0300 ca\u0301ch \u0111\u00e2y 9000 n\u0103m) ta\u0323i t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam, Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Co\u0300n tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c \u0111o\u0301, ca\u0301c nha\u0300 khoa ho\u0323c cu\u0303ng nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m c\u1ed5 ta\u0323i Iran va\u0300 \u0111i \u0111\u00ea\u0301n k\u00ea\u0301t lu\u00e2\u0323n loa\u0300i ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i \u0111a\u0303 bi\u00ea\u0301t \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng l\u00ean men va\u0300o sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t bia ca\u0301ch \u0111\u00e2y 5400 n\u0103m TCN.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng chuy\u00ea\u0309n ho\u0301a trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh ma\u0300 trong \u0111o\u0301 s\u00e2\u0309y ra ha\u0300ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh ho\u0301a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa ca\u0301c vi sinh va\u0300 ho\u0103\u0323c enzyem (vi n\u00e2\u0301m, vi men, vi khu\u00e2\u0309n, ca\u0301c loa\u0323i enzyme) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u. Trong khu\u00f4n kh\u00f4\u0309 ba\u0300i na\u0300y, chu\u0301ng ta chi\u0309 \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m danh c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 ba\u0309n ma\u0300 th\u00f4i \u0110u\u0301ng ba\u0309n ch\u00e2\u0301t, thi\u0300 l\u00ean men t\u01b0\u0301c la\u0300 giai \u0111oa\u0323n pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng sinh ho\u0301a do n\u00e2\u0301m men ta\u0323o ra \u0111\u00ea\u0309 chuy\u00ea\u0309n ho\u0301a \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng tha\u0300nh r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u. Nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u01a1\u0300i s\u00f4\u0301ng thi\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta coi qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u t\u01b0\u0300 \u0111oa\u0323n bi\u00ea\u0301n \u0111\u00f4\u0309i tinh b\u00f4\u0323t tha\u0300nh \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 k\u00ea\u0301t thu\u0301c la\u0300 ta\u0323o ra r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u (c\u00f4\u0300n) va\u0300 khi\u0301 CO2, vi\u0300 v\u00e2\u0323y ca\u0301c pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng c\u01a1 ba\u0309n trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u se\u0303 g\u00f4\u0300m:<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 (th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n tinh b\u1ed9t):<\/strong><\/h3>\n

* Amylase trong men chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 tinh b\u1ed9t trong g\u1ea1o\/ngu\u0303 c\u00f4\u0301c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng maltose<\/p>\n

* \u0110\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng maltose ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh glucose b\u1edfi enzyme maltase.<\/p>\n

Trong sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng thi 2 loa\u0323i Enzyme na\u0300y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c n\u00e2\u0301m m\u00f4\u0301c trong ba\u0301nh men sa\u0309n sinh ra.<\/p>\n

Chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n tinh b\u1ed9t:<\/p>\n

(C6H10O5)n (tinh b\u1ed9t) + nH2O (n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u2192 nC12H22O11 (maltose, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ma\u0323ch nha, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111\u00f4i)<\/p>\n

C12H22O11 (maltose) + H2O (n\u01b0\u1edbc) \u2192 2C6H12O6 (glucose, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng nho)<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 (l\u00ean men):<\/strong><\/h3>\n

* Glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ethanol v\u00e0 CO2 b\u1edfi enzyme zymase trong men.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u0300nh \u1ee9ng l\u00ean men:<\/p>\n

C6H12O6 (glucose, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nho) + D\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i ta\u0301c du\u0323ng cu\u0309a n\u00e2\u0301m men (hay enzyme zymase trong n\u00e2\u0301m men) \u2192 2 C2H5OH (c\u1ed3n) + 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide).<\/p>\n

Co\u0300n b\u00ean trong t\u00ea\u0301 ba\u0300o n\u00e2\u0301m men, pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 na\u0300o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n):<\/strong><\/h4>\n

*Glucose (C6H12O6) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh pyruvate (C3H4O3) v\u00e0 ATP (C40H38O15P3) th\u00f4ng qua glycolysis.<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111o\u0301 ATP l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e2\u0301m men.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: C6H12O6 + 2 ATP + 2 NADH --> 2 C3H4O3 + 2 ADP + 2 NADH2<\/p>\n

Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 pyruvate:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

* Pyruvate (C3H4O3) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) v\u00e0 CO2 (CO2) th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh decarboxylation.<\/p>\n

* Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh ethanol (C2H5OH) th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh reduction.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n

C3H4O3 + NADH --> CH3CHO + CO2 + NADH2<\/p>\n

CH3CHO + NADH2 --> C2H5OH + NADH<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh: C6H12O6 --> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP<\/p>\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd: Trong \u0111o\u0301 n\u00e2\u0301m men s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ATP \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00e1c enzyme tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men.<\/p>\n

Ca\u0301c pha\u0309n \u01b0\u0301ng ta\u0323o ra sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m ph\u1ee5: Aldehit, methanol trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Aldehyde:<\/p>\n

Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb pyruvate (C3H4O3) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 sinh ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb glucose (C6H12O6) th\u00e0nh ethanol (C2H5OH).<\/p>\n

Methanol:<\/p>\n

Methanol (CH3OH) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb pectin trong nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u (cu\u0309 qua\u0309, vo\u0309 ca\u0301m ga\u0323o, vo\u0309 tho\u0301c, x\u01a1 mi\u0301a…) qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh methanogenesis.<\/p>\n

Pectin la\u0300 m\u1ed9t polymer (h\u01a1\u0323p ch\u00e2\u0301t cao ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u0309) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c acid polygalacturonic v\u00e0 c\u00e1c este methyl c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Pectin c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u trong qu\u1ea3, c\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n c\u00e2y (cenlulose).<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0110\u00e2y la\u0300 chu\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c ca\u0301c chuy\u00ean gia r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u bia, ca\u0301c gia\u0301o tri\u0300nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u bia \u0111\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t chu\u0301 tro\u0323ng. B\u01a1\u0309i co\u0301 hi\u00ea\u0309u s\u00e2u v\u00ea\u0300 ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 na\u0300y m\u01a1\u0301i co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300m chu\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0309 ta\u0323o ra ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u bia ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng cao, hi\u00ea\u0323u su\u00e2\u0301t l\u01a1\u0301n va\u0300 \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng \u0111\u00ea\u0300u. \u0110u\u0301c k\u00ea\u0301t giu\u0301p ca\u0301c ba\u0323n d\u00ea\u0303 h\u00e2\u0301p thu n\u0103\u0301m b\u0103\u0301t thi\u0300 chu\u0301ng ta chi\u0309 c\u00e2\u0300n t\u00e2\u0323p trung nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u0301u, xoa\u0301y s\u00e2u va\u0300o \u0111\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a n\u00e2\u0301m men, n\u00e2\u0301m m\u00f4\u0301c, enzyme, vi khu\u00e2\u0309n. T\u01b0\u0300 \u0111\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m \u0111o\u0301 se\u0303 l\u00f4\u0323 ra h\u00ea\u0301t ca\u0301c y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 a\u0309nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t: nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00e2y la\u0300 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh va\u0300 hi\u00ea\u0323u su\u00e2\u0301t l\u00ean men. Chu\u0301ng ta \u0111a\u0303 bi\u00ea\u0301t, n\u00e2\u0301m men cu\u0303ng la\u0300 m\u00f4\u0323t loa\u0300i vi sinh, m\u00f4\u0303i loa\u0300i vi sinh thi\u0301ch nghi va\u0300 sinh s\u00f4i na\u0309y n\u01a1\u0309 t\u00f4\u0301t trong m\u00f4\u0323t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng nh\u00e2\u0301t \u0111i\u0323nh. Nh\u0103\u0301c \u0111\u00ea\u0301n n\u00e2\u0301m men trong sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u bia, la\u0300 nh\u0103\u0301c ch\u1ee7ng Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, \u0111\u00e2y la\u0300 chu\u0309ng men \u01b0u vi\u00ea\u0323t va\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c du\u0300ng r\u00f4\u0323ng da\u0303i nh\u00e2\u0301t. Ch\u1ee7ng na\u0300y sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng t\u00f4\u0301t nh\u00e2\u0301t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng 22-30 \u0111\u1ed9 C (ca\u0301c chi loa\u0300i nho\u0309 cu\u0309a chu\u0309ng na\u0300y co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 thi\u0301ch nghi \u01a1\u0309 nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 cao h\u01a1n hay th\u00e2\u0301p h\u01a1n 2-3 \u0111\u00f4\u0323). Vi\u0300 v\u00e2\u0323y, nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 kh\u00f4\u0301i di\u0323ch th\u00e2\u0301p qua\u0301 ho\u0103\u0323c cao qua\u0301, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 d\u01b0\u01a1\u0301i 15 \u0111\u00f4\u0323, ho\u0103\u0323c tr\u00ean 35 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 thi\u0300 n\u1ea5m men sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ke\u0301m, y\u00ea\u0301u d\u00e2\u0303n \u0111\u00ea\u0301n d\u00ea\u0303 ho\u0309ng r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u ho\u0103\u0323c gia\u0309m hi\u00ea\u0323u su\u00e2\u0301t sinh r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u (n\u00e2\u0301u \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c i\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u) Ngoa\u0300i ra trong th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309 t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i kh\u00f4\u0301i di\u0323ch l\u00ean men chi\u0309 co\u0301 chu\u0309ng Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, v\u00ec lu\u00f4n co\u0301 ca\u0301c vi sinh kha\u0301c. Ca\u0301c vi sinh \u0111o\u0301 co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 la\u0300 vi n\u00e2\u0301m, men da\u0323i, ca\u0301c loa\u0300i ta\u0323p khu\u00e2\u0309n. Khi kh\u00f4\u0301i di\u0323ch tr\u00ean 32-33 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 la\u0300 hoa\u0323t l\u01b0\u0323c cu\u0309a n\u1ea5m men gia\u0309m d\u00e2\u0300n, \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i la\u0323i la\u0300 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ly\u0301 t\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cho ta\u0323p khu\u00e2\u0309n, men da\u0323i pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n. H\u00ea\u0323 qua\u0309 la\u0300 la\u0300m cho ca\u0301c sa\u0309n ph\u00e2\u0309m phu\u0323 cu\u0309a qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men nhi\u00ea\u0300u h\u01a1n, la\u0300m ho\u0309ng mu\u0300i vi\u0323 r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u, ho\u0103\u0323c gia\u0309m hi\u00ea\u0323u su\u00e2\u0301t sinh c\u00f4\u0300n. Cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 \u01a1\u0309 nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 tr\u00ean 30 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 thi\u0300 men d\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n Saccharomyces 2-3 l\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n t\u1eeb 35-38 \u0111\u1ed9 C ch\u00fang sinh s\u00f4i na\u0309y n\u01a1\u0309 nhanh h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 6-8 l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 2: N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Trong qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men, n\u1ea5m men se\u0303 sinh s\u00f4i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 sa\u0309n sinh (hay t\u00edch t\u1ee5) r\u01b0\u1ee3u etylic b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u sau 2 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u (con men \u201c\u0103n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 sa\u0309n sinh ra r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u). Ha\u0300m l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u trong kh\u00f4\u0301i di\u0323ch t\u0103ng d\u00e2\u0300n theo th\u01a1\u0300i gian. Nh\u01b0ng chi\u0301nh con men se\u0303 suy y\u00ea\u0301u va\u0300 kh\u00f4ng th\u00ea\u0309 sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng t\u00f4\u0301t khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng co\u0301 n\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c\u00f4\u0300n cao qua\u0301, \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c\u00f4\u0300n t\u0103ng d\u00e2\u0300n se\u0303 la\u0300m ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a con men, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng c\u00f4\u0300n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 con men s\u1ebd d\u1eebng h\u1eb3n. Ca\u0301c ta\u0300i li\u00ea\u0323u n\u00eau ca\u0301c con s\u00f4\u0301 kha\u0301c nhau \u0111\u00f4i chu\u0301t, chu\u0301ng t\u00f4i th\u00e2\u0301y nh\u0103\u0301c nhi\u00ea\u0300u nh\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0303ng 13 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c\u00f4\u0300n. Th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301 la\u0323i kha\u0301c \u0111\u00f4i chu\u0301t, nhi\u00ea\u0300u c\u00f4ng ty co\u0301 bi\u0301 quy\u00ea\u0301t ri\u00eang, t\u00f4i luy\u00ea\u0323n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c con men s\u00f4\u0301ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng co\u0301 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c\u00f4\u0300n cao h\u01a1n ly\u0301 thuy\u00ea\u0301t t\u01b0\u0300 3-5 \u0111\u00f4\u0323, t\u01b0\u0301c la\u0300 con men kho\u0309e h\u01a1n. Vi\u0301 du\u0323 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ty Angel Yeast Co., Ltd t\u1ea1i V\u0169 H\u00e1n – Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u201ct\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i men “Hulk”, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t sinh c\u00f4\u0300n c\u1ef1c k\u00ec cao v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed3n >15%. Cu\u0323 th\u00ea\u0309 gi\u00f4\u0301ng men r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u vang co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 sinh ra \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c\u00f4\u0300n t\u01a1\u0301i 7 \u0111\u00f4\u0323, co\u0300n gi\u00f4\u0301ng men r\u01b0\u1ee3u ma\u0323nh (chuy\u00ean sinh c\u00f4\u0300n) co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 sinh s\u00f4\u0301ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng 18 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 c\u00f4\u0300n. Chi\u0301nh vi\u0300 v\u00e2\u0323y ca\u0301c n\u01b0\u01a1\u0301c co\u0301 khi\u0301 h\u00e2\u0323u no\u0301ng, ca\u0301c c\u00f4ng ty mu\u00f4\u0301n an toa\u0300n r\u00e2\u0301t \u01b0a chu\u00f4\u0323ng men cu\u0309a ha\u0303ng na\u0300y.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u0301 3: \u0110\u1ed9 PH<\/strong><\/h3>\n

PH la\u0300 y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 a\u0309nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng kh\u00f4ng nho\u0309 \u0111\u00ea\u0301n s\u01b0\u0301c kho\u0309e va\u0300 kha\u0309 n\u0103ng sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a con men. Vi\u0300 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 PH se\u0303 la\u0300m thay \u0111\u1ed5i di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ea5m men, do thay \u0111\u00f4\u0309i n\u00ean no\u0301 la\u0300m t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men. Trong kh\u00f4\u0301i di\u0323ch co\u0301 ca\u0309 n\u1ea5m men va\u0300 vi sinh cu\u0303ng nh\u01b0 ta\u0323p khu\u00e2\u0309n. M\u1ed7i vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 PH \u01b0a th\u00edch kha\u0301c nhau. N\u1ea5m men co\u0301 th\u00ea\u0309 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng PH t\u1eeb 2-8, nh\u01b0ng th\u00edch h\u01a1\u0323p nh\u00e2\u0301t trong khoa\u0309ng PH 3,7-4,5. Co\u0300n vi khu\u1ea9n la\u0323i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f4\u0301t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng co\u0301 PH = 4 tr\u1edf l\u00ean. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men, n\u00ean gi\u1eef PH \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng 4-4,5. Trong th\u01b0\u0323c t\u00ea\u0301, ng\u01b0\u01a1\u0300i ta \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 PH kh\u00f4\u0301i di\u0323ch l\u00ean men b\u1eb1ng acid citric (axit chanh) ho\u1eb7c NaHCO3. Ca\u0309 hai hoa\u0323t ch\u00e2\u0301t na\u0300y kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng cu\u0309a n\u1ea5m men va\u0300 an toa\u0300n th\u01b0\u0323c ph\u00e2\u0309m. Bi\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u0111\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m na\u0300y chu\u0301ng ta se\u0303 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng va\u0300o qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t sau na\u0300y.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u0301 4: \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u1ecdt<\/strong><\/h3>\n

N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng cu\u0303ng la\u0300 1 \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ki\u00ea\u0323n a\u0309nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n s\u01b0\u0301c kho\u0309e va\u0300 sinh sa\u0309n cu\u0309a n\u00e2\u0301m men. Chi\u0301nh con men \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng va\u0300 c\u00e2\u0300n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111\u00ea\u0309 sinh s\u00f4i na\u0309y n\u01a1\u0309, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4\u0323 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u00e2\u0301t cho no\u0301 la\u0323i chi\u0309 t\u01b0\u0300 18-22%, n\u1ebfu cao h\u01a1n t\u01b0\u0301c ngo\u0323t qua\u0301 chu\u0301ng se\u0303 suy y\u00ea\u0301u va\u0300 sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng ke\u0301m, co\u0300n n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5p qu\u00e1 th\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng \u0111o\u0301 la\u0300m no\u0301 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c va\u0300 la\u0323i la\u0300 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng t\u00f4\u0301t cho ca\u0301c loa\u0300i vi sinh ta\u0323p, da\u0323i pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n. \u0110\u0103\u0323c bi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 ngo\u0323t t\u00ean 35% thi\u0300 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ea5m men va\u0300 vi sinh \u0111\u00ea\u0300u ch\u1ebft. Bi\u00ea\u0301t \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c \u0111\u0103\u0323c \u0111i\u00ea\u0309m na\u0300y chu\u0301ng ta se\u0303 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng va\u0300o qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0\u0301 5: H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng t\u01b0\u0300ng n\u1ea5m men<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u00ea\u0309 l\u00ean men thi\u0300 c\u00e2\u0300n vi sinh men gi\u00f4\u0301ng (n\u00e2\u0301m men \u201cnguy\u00ean ch\u00e2\u0301t\u201d), n\u00e2\u0301m men th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2\u0309m t\u00f4\u0300n ta\u0323i \u01a1\u0309 da\u0323ng ba\u0300o t\u01b0\u0309. Sau \u0111o\u0301 ta c\u00e2\u0300n nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u00f4\u0301i, la\u0300m cho n\u00e2\u0301m men \u0111ang t\u01b0\u0300 da\u0323ng ngu\u0309 ba\u0300o t\u01b0\u0309 tro\u0309 la\u0323i sinh s\u00f4i na\u0309y n\u01a1\u0309 theo c\u00e2\u0301p s\u00f4\u0301 nh\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4\u0301i di\u0323ch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c nh\u00e2n gi\u00f4\u0301ng na\u0300y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c b\u00f4\u0309 sung va\u0300o tank di\u0323ch \u0111a\u0303 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0301a v\u01a1\u0301i n\u00f4\u0300ng \u0111\u00f4\u0323 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng thi\u0301ch h\u01a1\u0323p \u0111\u00ea\u0309 b\u0103\u0301t \u0111\u00e2\u0300u qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men. Ha\u0300m l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng gi\u00f4\u0301ng men trong sinh kh\u00f4\u0301i ca\u0300ng \u0111\u00e2\u0323m \u0111\u0103\u0323c, ca\u0300ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u, hay s\u00f4\u0301 l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng vi sinh men ca\u0300ng nhi\u00ea\u0300u thi\u0300 t\u00f4\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0323 nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u00f4\u0301i, t\u00f4\u0301c \u0111\u00f4\u0323 l\u00ean men ca\u0300ng nhanh va\u0300 thu\u00e2\u0323n l\u01a1\u0323i. Vi\u0300 v\u00e2\u0323y trong ca\u0301c nha\u0300 ma\u0301y sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u bia, ki\u00ea\u0309m soa\u0301t m\u00e2\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 vi sinh men trong sinh kh\u00f4\u0301i r\u00e2\u0301t ky\u0303 ca\u0300ng Co\u0300n trong ba\u0301nh men truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng thi\u0300 m\u00e2\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 ba\u0300o t\u01b0\u0309 men trong m\u00f4\u0303i ba\u0301nh men (ho\u0103\u0323c trong m\u00f4\u0303i kg b\u00f4\u0323t men) la\u0300 y\u00ea\u0301u t\u00f4\u0301 quan tro\u0323ng, a\u0309nh h\u01b0\u01a1\u0309ng \u0111\u00ea\u0301n ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng va\u0300 qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh l\u00ean men. Chi\u0301nh vi\u0300 th\u00ea\u0301 cu\u0300ng l\u00ean men cho 10kg c\u01a1m, nh\u01b0ng co\u0301 nha\u0300 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t chu\u0301ng ta pha\u0309i r\u0103\u0301c t\u01a1\u0301i 2-3 la\u0323ng men, co\u0301 ba\u0301nh men chu\u0301ng ta chi\u0309 c\u00e2\u0300n r\u0103\u0301c 1,5 la\u0323ng la\u0300 \u0111u\u0309.<\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men. C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 O2, CO2, th\u1eddi gian,.. nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u00ean R\u01b0\u1ee3u Vi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u thu\u0309 c\u00f4ng truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng va\u0300 r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p<\/strong><\/h2>\n

L\u00e0m r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u thu\u0309 c\u00f4ng truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 105\/2017\/N\u0110-CP: “S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p”. Co\u0300n theo chu\u0301ng t\u00f4i “thu\u0309 c\u00f4ng” co\u0301 nghi\u0303a la\u0300m b\u0103\u0300ng tay va\u0300 ca\u0301c du\u0323ng cu\u0323 th\u00f4 s\u01a1, gia\u0309n \u0111\u01a1n (t\u01b0\u0300 \u0111i\u00ea\u0309n Wiki). Co\u0300n “truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng” la\u0300 chi\u0309 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u0301c hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0323c l\u01b0u truy\u00ea\u0300n t\u01b0\u0300 sang \u0111\u01a1\u0300i kha\u0301c \u0111a\u0309m ba\u0309o ti\u0301nh k\u00ea\u0301 th\u01b0\u0300a. (vi\u0301 du\u0323 chu\u0309ng men va\u0300 m\u00f4\u0301c c\u00f4\u0301 truy\u00ea\u0300n, ca\u0301ch l\u00ean men li\u00ean tu\u0323c, gia vi\u0323 thu\u00f4\u0301c nam\/thu\u00f4\u0301c b\u0103\u0301c trong ba\u0301nh men…).<\/p>\n

Nga\u0300y nay, ca\u0301ch \u0111i\u0323nh nghi\u0303a chi\u0309 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u00ea\u0301n kh\u00eda ca\u0323nh thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323 cu\u0309a pha\u0301p lu\u00e2\u0323t \u0111a\u0303 l\u00f4\u0303i th\u01a1\u0300i. Ca\u0301c c\u01a1 s\u01a1\u0309 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u truy\u00ea\u0300n th\u00f4\u0301ng \u0111a\u0303 d\u00e2\u0300n d\u00e2\u0300n thay th\u00ea\u0301 thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323 la\u0300m m\u00e2\u0301t d\u00e2\u0300n \u0111i ti\u0301nh “thu\u0309 c\u00f4ng”. N\u00ea\u0301u nga\u0300n n\u0103m v\u00e2\u0303n n\u00e2\u0301u c\u01a1m r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u b\u0103\u0300ng n\u00f4\u0300i gang\/nh\u00f4m tr\u00ean b\u00ea\u0301p cu\u0309i, v\u01a1\u0301i c\u00f4ng su\u00e2\u0301t 10-20kg\/me\u0309 thi\u0300 nga\u0300y nay \u0111a\u0303, \u0111ang chuy\u00ea\u0309n sang n\u00e2\u0301u b\u0103\u0300ng tu\u0309 c\u01a1m c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p du\u0300ng \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n\/ga v\u01a1\u0301i c\u00f4ng su\u00e2\u0301t g\u00e2\u0301p 5-7 l\u00e2\u0300n (50-100-120kg\/me\u0309). Thay vi\u0300 ch\u01b0ng c\u00e2\u0301t b\u0103\u0300ng n\u00f4\u0300i thu\u0309y th\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng 10-30 kg ga\u0323o\/me\u0309 thi\u0300 nay \u0111a\u0303 n\u00e2ng l\u00ean n\u00f4\u0300i thu\u0309y ha\u0323 \u00f4ng xo\u0103\u0301n, th\u00e2\u0323m tri\u0301 co\u0300n b\u0103\u0300ng tha\u0301p c\u00e2\u0301t \u0111a t\u00e2\u0300ng cha\u0323y \u0111i\u00ea\u0323n\/ga v\u01a1\u0301i c\u00f4ng su\u00e2\u0301t g\u00e2\u0301p 5-10 l\u00e2\u0300n (ph\u00f4\u0309 bi\u00ea\u0301n 70-100-150-200kg ga\u0323o\/me\u0309). X\u01b0a kia du\u0300ng nhi\u00ea\u0323t tr\u01b0\u0323c ti\u00ea\u0301p l\u00ean thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323 thi\u0300 nga\u0300y nay \u0111a\u0303 va\u0300 \u0111ang thay th\u00ea\u0301 sang lo\u0300 h\u01a1i mini kh\u00f4ng a\u0301p.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1c
C\u00e1c n\u1ed3i th\u1ee7y th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ee7y h\u1ea1 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L\u00e0m r\u00f5 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Theo Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh 105\/2017\/N\u0110-CP thi\u0300: “S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p”. Sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t b\u00e2\u0301t c\u01b0\u0301 th\u01b0\u0301 gi\u0300 cu\u0303ng g\u00f4\u0300m 2 ph\u00e2\u0300n la\u0300 c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 & thi\u00ea\u0301t bi\u0323, vi\u0300 v\u00e2\u0323y r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u “c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p” theo ca\u0301ch ti\u00ea\u0301p c\u00e2\u0323n cu\u0309a nghi\u0323 \u0111i\u0323nh v\u00e2\u0303n co\u0300n nhi\u00ea\u0300u thi\u00ea\u0301u so\u0301t. Theo chu\u0301ng t\u00f4i, r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p la\u0300 r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u co\u0301 \u0111u\u0309 2 v\u00ea\u0301: th\u01b0\u0301 nh\u00e2\u0301t la\u0300 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u0301 2 la\u0300 \u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t m\u01a1\u0301i (\u01b0\u0301ng du\u0323ng enzyem, chu\u0309ng men \u01b0u vi\u00ea\u0323t, l\u00ean men gia\u0301n \u0111oa\u0323n, ch\u01b0ng c\u00e2\u0301t c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng…)<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p: X\u1eed l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u => H\u1ed3 h\u00f3a (n\u1ea5u ch\u00e1o) => \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a => L\u00ean men b\u0103\u0300ng men c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p => Ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf => Ha\u0323 \u0111\u00f4\u0323 r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u => Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef => \u0111\u00f3ng chai.<\/p>\n

\"Quy
Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Quy tri\u0300nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ea\u0323 sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng X\u1eed l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u => \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00ean men \u0111\u00f4\u0300ng th\u01a1\u0300i => ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t => ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef => \u0111\u00f3ng chai.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1c bi\u00ea\u0323t l\u01a1\u0301n nh\u00e2\u0301t cu\u0309a 2 quy tri\u0300nh tr\u00ean la\u0300 l\u00ean men va\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0301a. N\u00ea\u0301u nh\u01b0 trong sa\u0309n xua\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u c\u00f4ng nghi\u00ea\u0323p giai \u0111oa\u0323n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0301a ta\u0301ch ri\u00eang va\u0300 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0301a b\u0103\u0300ng Enzyme, thi\u0300 sa\u0309n xua\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u thu\u0309 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0301a va\u0300 l\u00ean men di\u00ea\u0303n ra li\u00ean tu\u0323c \u0111\u00f4ng th\u01a1\u0300i, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1\u0300ng ho\u0301a b\u0103\u0300ng n\u00e2\u0301m m\u00f4\u0301c ch\u01b0\u0301 kh\u00f4ng b\u0103\u0300ng Enzymex, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u. \u0110a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng vi sinh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (l\u00ean men li\u00ean tu\u0323c): nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh men r\u01b0\u1ee3u co\u0301 ca\u0309 n\u00e2\u0301m m\u00f4\u0301c va\u0300 n\u00e2\u0301m men. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00ean men \u0111i sau. B\u00e1nh men truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng co\u0301 3 nho\u0301m: nh\u00f3m vi n\u1ea5m, nh\u00f3m vi men, nh\u00f3m vi khu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

Vi n\u1ea5m (n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c): c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ebfn tinh b\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0: Amylomyces rouxii, Rhizopus, Mucor, Aspergillus.<\/p>\n

Vi men (n\u1ea5m men): bi\u1ebfn tinh b\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed nh\u01b0: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hansenula, Endomycopsis<\/p>\n

Vi khu\u1ea9n: nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng vi khu\u1ea9n, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u201cl\u1ea1\u201d c\u1ee7a r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (l\u00ean men gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n): ng\u00e0y nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch enzyme (t\u1eeb trong n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1ec3 enzyme \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a tinh b\u1ed9t, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi b\u1ed5 sung n\u1ea5m men v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t sinh c\u1ed3n cao nh\u01b0ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f3 v\u00e0o men v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 h\u1ecfng r\u01b0\u1ee3u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8. M\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb chua, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ebft men, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m sao?<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9<\/strong><\/h3>\n

+ L\u1eafp \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a: Mu\u0300a \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u00f9a he\u0300 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u1eafp \u0111i\u00ea\u0300u ho\u0300a trong pho\u0300ng men, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 \u01b0a thi\u0301ch cu\u0309a n\u1ea5m men v\u00e0 n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c. \u1ede trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men kh\u00f4 th\u00ec c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u th\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c (25-30 \u0111\u1ed9 C) v\u00e0 cung c\u00e2\u0301p oxi trong su\u1ed1t qua\u0301 tri\u0300nh.<\/p>\n

+ Ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f2n d\u00f9 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng n\u00ean mua 1 m\u00e1y \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u1eafm s\u00e2u v\u00e0o kh\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch, ch\u1ec9 150k\/ chi\u1ebfc, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed mua lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u\/chi\u1ebfc. D\u00f9 ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng (l\u1ea1nh qu\u00e1, n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1).<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng men cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f9a<\/strong><\/h3>\n

+ M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng: Do th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft l\u1ea1nh, con men kh\u00f3 sinh s\u00f4i, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u0103ng th\u00eam 5-7% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng men so v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, r\u1eafc men khi c\u01a1m c\u00f2n \u1ea5m (kho\u1ea3ng 35-40\u00b0C) \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con men.<\/p>\n

+ M\u00f9a h\u00e8: Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men di\u1ec5n ra nhanh h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m 5% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng men \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u b\u1ecb chua ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eafng. \u1ee6 r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u1edf n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c m\u1eb9o kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

+ Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tank ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u1eb9p: chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tank ch\u01b0\u0301a ca\u0301c mu\u0300a \u0111e\u0323p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Ha\u0323n ch\u00ea\u0301 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tha\u0301ng chi\u0301nh he\u0300 vi\u0300 nhi\u00ea\u0323t \u0111\u00f4\u0323 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n

+ N\u00e2\u0301u c\u01a1m qu\u00e1 nha\u0303o n\u00ean kho\u0301 b\u0103\u0301t men vi\u0300 kh\u00f4ng co\u0301 khe h\u01a1\u0309 oxy cho n\u00e2\u0301m m\u00f4\u0301c pha\u0301t tri\u00ea\u0309n, n\u00e2\u0301u c\u01a1m kh\u00f4 hay co\u0300n s\u00f4\u0301ng lo\u0303i va\u0300 v\u00e2\u0301n \u0111\u00ea\u0300 gia\u0309m sa\u0309n l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u vi\u0300 co\u0300n tinh b\u00f4\u0323t so\u0301t. N\u00ean n\u1ea5u c\u01a1m ch\u00edn t\u1edbi, h\u1ea1t d\u1ebbo, v\u1eeba \u0103n, h\u1ea1t c\u01a1m c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf.<\/p>\n

+ Khi \u1ee7 \u01b0\u1edbt m\u1edf ch\u1eadu t\u1eeb 1-3 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u cho n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau 3 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00ean men ti\u1ebfp trong 4-10 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u1eady k\u00edn n\u1eafp ch\u1eadu v\u00ec n\u1ea5m men kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch oxy<\/p>\n

+ V\u1ec7 sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u00ecnh, b\u1ed3n, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 n\u1ea5u r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi khu\u1ea9n, gi\u1ea3m m\u00f9i v\u1ecb kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu<\/p>\n

+ Tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u01a1m, \u0111\u1ea3o t\u01a1i c\u01a1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u1ee7 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ea5u men d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ea9m khi l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 65% \u0111\u1ebfn 75%. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m qu\u00e1 cao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y h\u00fat \u1ea9m. C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f2n 65%-75%.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fac r\u00fat t\u1eeb h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n 20 n\u0103m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1ee3u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a R\u01b0\u1ee3u Vi\u1ec7t. Hy v\u1ecdng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu \u00edch<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00ean men la\u0300 c\u00f4ng \u0111oa\u0323n r\u00e2\u0301t quan tro\u0323ng trong sa\u0309n xu\u00e2\u0301t r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u, xe\u0301t theo theo ti\u0301nh tu\u00e2\u0300n t\u01b0\u0323 va\u0300 toa\u0300n cu\u0323c thi\u0300 no\u0301 quan tro\u0323ng h\u01a1n ch\u01b0ng c\u00e2\u0301t. C\u00f4ng b\u0103\u0300ng ma\u0300 no\u0301i, l\u00ean men l\u00e0 b\u00ed quy\u00ea\u0301t c\u00f4\u0301t lo\u0303i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean ch\u00e2\u0301t l\u01b0\u01a1\u0323ng, hi\u00ea\u0323u su\u00e2\u0301t va\u0300 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cu\u0309a r\u01b0\u01a1\u0323u. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chu\u0309..<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5041,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-891","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-men-va-len-men"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u? Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng R\u01b0\u1ee3u Vi\u1ec7t tham kh\u1ea3o trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ruouviet.com.vn\/e_n\/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-qua-trinh-len-men-ruou\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u? Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng R\u01b0\u1ee3u Vi\u1ec7t tham kh\u1ea3o trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ruouviet.com.vn\/e_n\/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-qua-trinh-len-men-ruou\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"R\u01af\u1ee2U VI\u1ec6T\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ruouviet.com.vn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-02T01:19:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-26T09:16:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ruouviet.com.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-qua-trinh-len-men-ruou.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"375\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"R\u01b0\u1ee3u Vi\u1ec7t\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"R\u01b0\u1ee3u Vi\u1ec7t\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"22 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ruouviet.com.vn\\\/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-qua-trinh-len-men-ruou\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ruouviet.com.vn\\\/cac-nhan-to-anh-huong-den-qua-trinh-len-men-ruou\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"R\u01b0\u1ee3u Vi\u1ec7t\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ruouviet.com.vn\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ffadff06e4ea2ee207ec20208384f103\"},\"headline\":\"L\u00ean men r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 g\u00ec? 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